Description of Agro-climatic zone & major agro ecological situations
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IntroductionPerambalur district of Tamil Nadu carved out from the east while composite Tiruchirappalli District, with its head quarters at Perambalur. This district is centrally located in Tamil Nadu between 10º 53’ and 11º 31’ N latitude and 73º 38˙ and 79º 31˙ E longitude.
This district has 3 taluks consisting of 152 revenue villages in 4 blocks. The temperature ranges between 22o C - 39o C with mean annual rainfall of 908 mm. North East monsoon period receives comparatively more rainfall i.e. 475 mm followed by 314 mm during South West monsoon, 91 mm during summer and 28 mm during winter season.
Black cotton soil, Clay loam and red sandy soil are the predominant soil types available. Wells and rainfall are the main source of irrigation in this region. Maize, Cotton, Paddy, Onion, Turmeric, Tapioca, Chillies, Tomato, Brnjal, Acidlime, Groundnut, Sunflower and Sesamum are the important crops in this district.
Description of Agro-climatic zoneS.No | Agro-climatic Zone | Characteristics |
---|---|---|
1 | North – Eastern zone |
A part of Perambalur district comes under this zone, which covers Veppur block of Kunnam taluk. It receives an annual rainfall of 900 – 975 mm during the north east monsoon. The mean maximum temperature ranges from 28.5 to 38.4o C while the mean minimum temperature is from 21 to 28oC. The major soil types are red sandy loam, clayey loam and saline soil. The major irrigation sources are tanks, wells and tube wells. Since the rainfall is uniformly distributed from July to December, two crop sequences of groundnut followed by pulses or sesamum are practiced. The other crops like sugarcane and millets are raised with the help of well irrigation. |
2 | North – Western zone |
A part of Perambalur district comes under this zone, which covers Veppanthattai, Perambalur and Alathur blocks. The mean annual rainfall is 875 mm and about 42 per cent of rainfall is received during the South-West monsoon period. The mean monthly maximum temperature is from 31 to 39 o C. The major soils are non – calcareous red, black cotton soil and clay soil. Cultivation in drylands commences from the month of June to August which depends on the south west monsoon and monocropping is followed. In this zone, a significant practice of maize, cotton and chillies under purely rainfed cultivation is followed and paddy, sugarcane, elephant foot yam, onion, tomato and tapioca are cultivated with the help of well irrigation. |
S.No | Name of the soil series | Soil type | Characteristics | Total | Percentage | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Potentials | Limitations | |||||
1 | Kallagam | Sandy clay | Very deep, fine loamy, very gentle slope, high WHC, medium CEC, neutral reaction, Non – calcareousness | Slightly acidic, moderate sheet erosion | 7,351 | 1.99 |
2 | Kallakudi | Clay | Very deep, fine textured, very deep gentle slope, high WHC and CEC | Slow permeability, well drained, moderately alkaline | 24,888 | 6.74 |
3 | Kurumbalur | Loamysand | Very deep, loamy textured, moderately rapid permeability, well drained neutral reaction, free from salinity | Low WHC and CEC, low organic matter, moderately alkaline | 6,854 | 1.86 |
4 | Padalur | Loamy sand | Coarse loamy textured, rapid permeability, well drained, neutral reaction, free from salinity | Low WHC and CEC, low organic matter, mildly alkaline | 8,029 | 2.18 |
5 | Pattukottai | Sandy loam | Very deep, loamy on sub surface, neutral reaction, free from salinity | Low WHC and CEC, low organic matter, acidic reaction | 34,589 | 9.37 |
6 | Pilamedu | Clay | Very deep, clay loam to clay, high WHC and CEC, high organic matter, free from salinity | Moderately slow permeability, moderately alkaline, strongly calcareousness | 62,197 | 16.85 |
7 | Thevaiyur | Sandy clay loam | Deep soil, fine loamy textured, medium WHC and CEC, neutral reaction, free from salinity | Low organic matter, mildly alkaline, slightly calcareousness | 3,475 | 0.94 |
S.No | Crop | Area (ha) | Production(Lakh Metric tons) | Productivity(kg /ha) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Maize | 4930 | 403839.3 | 8.46 |
2 | Paddy | 3330 | 42526.23 | 5.93 |
3 | Cotton | 20996 | 55293.13 | 1.78 |
4 | Sugarcane | 4878 | 473925 | 89 |
5 | Pulses | 1236 | 1686.33 | 0.73 |
6 | Groundnut | 1094 | 5985.68 | 2.92 |
7 | Sorghum | 839 | 681730 | 1.87 |
8 | Banana | 204 | 8164 | 43.65775 |
9 | Citrus | 293 | 1543 | 5.266212 |
10 | Onion | 7440 | 57022 | 9.848359 |
11 | Tapioca | 1402 | 97155 | 68.90426 |
12 | Chillies | 200 | 52 | 0.287293 |
13 | Turmeric | 739 | 2919 | 3.006179 |
Category | Population | Production | Productivity |
---|---|---|---|
Cattle | |||
Crossbred | 136412 | 5786.31 (Lakh lit) | 3280 lit |
Indigenous | 133500 | 1194.83 (Lakh lit) | 895 lit |
Buffalo | 21680 | 448.38 (Lakh lit) | 2070 lit |
Sheep | 94358 | 1962646 Kg | 20.8 Kg |
Goats | |||
Cross breed | 96430 | 2285391 Kg | 23.7 Kg |
Indigeneous | 411627 | 6791845 Kg | 16.5 Kg |
Poultry | |||
Desi chicken | 278120 | 25030800 Nos | 90 Nos |
S.No | Month | Rainfall (mm) | Temperature 0 C | Relative Humidity (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maximum | Minimum | ||||
1 | April 12 | 96.5 | 36.88 | 25.36 | 60.48 |
2 | May 12 | 289.5 | 38.3 | 25.57 | 61.63 |
3 | June 12 | 0.9 | 37.47 | 26.75 | 50.52 |
4 | July 12 | 341 | 36.25 | 25.8 | 57.13 |
5 | August 12 | 228 | 36.1 | 25.4 | 61.5 |
6 | September 12 | 134 | 34.9 | 24.9 | 65.5 |
7 | October 12 | 585.95 | 32.04 | 23.65 | 80.01 |
8 | November 12 | 185 | 31.65 | 22.09 | 76.48 |
9 | December 12 | 2.13 | 31.05 | 21.43 | 60.75 |
10 | January 13 | 0.5 | 32.4 | 20.95 | 64.58 |
11 | February 13 | 12.5 | 33.46 | 21.9 | 58.03 |
12 | March 13 | 0 | 37.05 | 23.3 | 51.85 |
13 | April 13 | 41.75 | 39.03 | 26.59 | 59.7 |
14 | May 13 | 46 | 39.63 | 27.7 | 53.75 |
15 | June 13 | 41.25 | 36.38 | 26.7 | 55.1 |
16 | July 13 | 34.6 | 35.95 | 25.83 | 55.08 |
17 | August 13 | 149 | 35.33 | 25.13 | 64.92 |
18 | September 13 | 122 | 34.33 | 34.85 | 70.35 |
19 | October 13 | 93 | 34.5 | 24.53 | 74.48 |
20 | November 13 | 115 | 30.55 | 23.33 | 69.93 |
21 | December 13 | 36.5 | 31.89 | 22.94 | 73.92 |
22 | January 14 | 30 | 31.1 | 21.37 | 78.21 |
23 | February 14 | 30 | 33.18 | 19 | 68.8 |
24 | March 14 | 30.5 | 33 | 22.35 | 57.7 |
25 | April 14 | 0 | 35.98 | 26.93 | 54.25 |
26 | May 14 | 192.6 | 35.15 | 25.88 | 60.43 |
27 | June 14 | 24 | 33.3 | 25.01 | 60.66 |
28 | July 14 | 44.6 | 34.89 | 25.22 | 54.99 |
29 | August 14 | 155.8 | 34.95 | 24.46 | 64.78 |
30 | September 14 | 56.3 | 34.97 | 24.99 | 69.19 |
31 | October 14 | 239.94 | 33.93 | 24.17 | 73.61 |
32 | November 14 | 93.56 | 31.51 | 23.78 | 73.41 |
33 | December 14 | 66.76 | 31.25 | 21.36 | 74.92 |
34 | January 15 | 38.8 | 30.84 | 20.24 | 70.59 |
35 | February 15 | 3.6 | 31.19 | 20.57 | 59.38 |
36 | March 15 | 0 | 35.13 | 23.02 | 62.65 |
37 | April 15 | 141.5 | 35.18 | 24.55. | 68.48 |
38 | May 15 | 81.06 | 38.88 | 25.62 | 62.8 |
39 | June 15 | 33.68 | 32.3 | 25.21 | 60.88 |
40 | July 15 | 29.16 | 33.66 | 25.18 | 58.62 |
41 | August 15 | 107.64 | 34.2 | 24.82 | 62.38 |
42 | September 15 | 145.68 | 33.6 | 24.21 | 68.7 |
43 | October 15 | 153.06 | 30.6 | 23.82 | 75.82 |
44 | November 15 | 286.32 | 30.12 | 23.28 | 76.12 |
45 | December 15 | 88.84 | 30.8 | 22.12 | 74.5 |
46 | January 16 | 0 | 31.62 | 23.18 | 70.5 |
47 | February 16 | 0 | 32.82 | 23.88 | 60.18 |
48 | March 16 | 0 | 34.18 | 24.12 | 61.18 |
49 | April 16 | 0.4 | 39.71 | 27.5 | 52.35 |
50 | May 16 | 149.2 | 36.75 | 26.5 | 58.43 |
51 | June 16 | 32.4 | 37 | 31.16 | 56.5 |
52 | July 16 | 31.4 | 36.35 | 26.14 | 50.05 |
53 | August 16 | 22 | 36.4 | 25.84 | 56 |
54 | September 16 | 73.2 | 36.5 | 25.8 | 52.87 |
55 | October 16 | 56 | 35 | 25 | 68.75 |
56 | November 16 | 23 | 37.71 | 23 | 58.85 |
57 | December 16 | 39.3 | 31.14 | 22 | 66.35 |
58 | January 17 | 23 | 31.14 | 21.36 | 67.07 |
59 | February 17 | 0 | 33.37 | 20.25 | 55.37 |
60 | March 17 | 54.6 | 35.25 | 24.7 | 61.58 |
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